Frequency of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury and its Related Risk Factors in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Background: Patients who undergo major orthopedic surgery are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to blood loss, electrolyte disorders, infection, and the presence of other co-morbidities. In this study, the frequency and risk factors of AKI were investigated. Objective & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study with a sample size of 180 people. The studied population were patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Exclusion criteria included: history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and history of dialysis. Patient information including patient age, gender, drug history, history of underlying disease, creatinine changes,  duration of surgery, minimum mean arterial pressure (MAP) during and after surgery, and use of inotrope during and after surgery and the level of creatinine was measured and recorded the day before and after the operation. Results: The incidence rate of AKI was 11.11%. The average age of the patients was 47.36±22.79 years. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the use of some drugs, duration of surgery, MAP and inotrope use. The occurrence of AKI had a significant relationship with the history of heart disease, diabetes, and history of kidney disease. Multiple linear regression showed that with every unit increase in pre-operative creatinine and presence of pre-operative kidney disease, post-operative creatinine will increase by 0.3. Conclusion: The incidence of acute renal failure after orthopedic surgery is relatively high. Close monitoring of kidney function before, during and after surgery is important and can prevent the occurrence of acute kidney failure after surgery.